Ik lees in “Een jaar vrij” van Karien Hoenderdos over honjok, een term die ik nog niet kende. Honjok is een term overgenomen uit Zuid-Korea en heeft betrekking op mensen die ervoor kiezen activiteiten alleen te ondernemen. Mensen die de behoefte hebben zich los te maken van de maatschappij en haar druk om in het gareel te lopen.
De maatschappelijke acceptatie van honjok is veranderd. Waar het vermijden van sociaal contact eerder werd gezien als onacceptabel en ondermijnend voor de maatschappij, ontstaat er nu meer acceptatie. De behoefte aan autonomie, om dieper met zichzelf verbonden te zijn en het leven volgens eigen waarden te leiden, wordt meer en meer erkend.
De groep wordt ontdekt als een ‘markt’ voor nieuwe producten: ander media-aanbod, eenpersoonsrestaurants, en een aanbod van voedsel gericht op eenpersoonshuishoudens – een solo-economie.
Ik moet hierbij denken aan de boeken van de Japanse schrijvers Mieko Kawakami en Sayaka Murata waarover ik eerder schreef. In hun werk worden de donkere kanten van de Japanse maatschappij weergegeven bij mensen die kiezen ervoor om zich afzijdig van de maatschappij te houden — ‘de fabriek’, zoals het in Earthlings van Murata genoemd wordt. Misschien is de Japanse maatschappij nog niet zo ver als de Zuid-Koreaanse.
Ook bij ons zien we een toename van alleenstaanden en mensen die bewust kiezen voor soloactiviteiten. Dit wordt deels gedreven door een dieper geworteld individualisme in de westerse cultuur. Maar er lijkt ook een verschil te zijn. Waar honjok een reactie is op maatschappelijke druk van ‘de fabriek’, lijkt het in het Westen iets te zijn uit de ‘wellness’-cultuur, bijvoorbeeld hier in Happinez en hier in Flow. Zo wordt honjok een statussymbool van onafhankelijkheid.
Today, in our age of digital media and ever expanding social networks, living alone can offer even greater benefits: the time and space for restorative solitude. This means that living alone can help us discover who we are as well as what gives us meaning and purpose. Paradoxically, living alone might be exactly what we need to reconnect.
To Werner Herzog, truth is a search, a quest, almost one that distinguishes us from the other, more or less intelligent animals. In this concise yet idea-packed book, he examines the truth from several interesting angles, including political, artistic, historical, and scientific perspectives. He interweaves interesting stories in his arguments, like an artist should.
He looks at people who are considered larger-than-life. Contrary to popular belief, self-proclaimed genius (my words) Elon Musk did not invent the electric car. He didn’t found Tesla. He bought that one. And he bought Twitter. With that truth, he aims to facilitate the spreading of lies. (He did found SpaceX, though.)
The word for truth in Ancient Greek is aletheia, the negation of lethe, meaning forgetfulness or oblivion. Alatheia is that which reveals what was hidden. Alatheia is like a film and photography on celluloid. There is something on it, but it has to be revealed and developed.
Art creates a truth, according to Herzog. In opera, music transforms almost the craziest, unthinkable stories into wondrous truths. (Herzog directed several operas.)
Herzog’s film Family Romance tells the story of how, in Japan, actors are hired to replace a father or husband in their real life. Actors stand in for the father of a girl, the broom for a marriage, and an employee receiving a scrubbing. After the movie was released, Japanese broadcaster NHK produced a documentary about the company that hires out these actors, referred to in Herzog’s movie as Family Romance, and about the people who hire its actors. A bizarre double world emerges in this documentary. A client of the ‘Family Romance’ service was interviewed and questioned about why he wanted the actor to take his place in real life. After the documentary was finished, NHK discovered that the client they had interviewed was also an actor who had been hired to replace the original client. The argument was that the actor could portray the client more effectively than the client himself. Because the actor can speak the absolute truth, and the real person could do nothing but lie. Still with me?
In another movie of his, Herzog plays a priest. He meets a stranger and records a confession from this stranger for the film. During the act, he fabricates several facts as a priest, which the confessor greedily accepts, and the confession is more honest and well-meant than it could ever have been in real life. Making the fake confession more truthful than a real one.
Another story unfolds in Russia during the time of Czarina Catherine II. Potemkin villages were villages created as fronts, much like movie sets, to give the Russian czarina the impression of a prosperous country. A staged world similar to the North Korean Peace Village. Or the Truman Show.
In his films, Herzog attributes celebrity quotes that could have been said, but which he fabricated. He believes that this made-up truth is also a truth: an ecstatic, more profound truth.
Another bizarre story is that of a man on death row who continued to believe in his self-made innocence to the end, even though he was guilty, believing his concoctions til the end. This story reminded me of the song “The Mersey Seat” by Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds. In this unsettling song, a condemned man continues to believe in his innocence until just before his execution, but the truth catches up with him.
And in a way I’m yearning To be done with all this measuring of proof Of an eye for an eye And a tooth for a tooth And anyway I told the truth And I’m afraid I told a lie
The Electrician, by Boris Eldagsen
Of course, AI is impossible to ignore, and Herzog explores the fake images it can generate, such as the AI-created photograph that was awarded the top prize at the Sony Photo Awards.
Herzog discusses how we can protect ourselves from being deceived by fakes. He recommends always approaching information with skepticism—assuming it might be false—and diligently verifying the truth behind any claim. He emphasizes that any request to transfer money should be treated as a red flag. In his view, the digital world is inherently unreliable.
According to Herzog, what helps us navigate this uncertainty are three key practices:
Education
Reading extensively
Walking regularly, with minimal distractions or baggage
In the final chapter, Herzog admits that there is no definitive “future of truth.” Instead, the search for truth remains an essential, existential pursuit.
I read the book in its Dutch translation. When I wanted to buy it for a friend in the US, I discovered—somewhat surprisingly—that the English translation is not yet available. It is scheduled for release in September 2025.
I went to this conference in Portland, Oregon. I had never been to Portland. The most impressive thing about Portland during this short visit, I found, is its Steel Bridge (A rabbit hole on itself. By the looks of it, you would suppose it is a relic from an industrial past, but actually it is still in use. It has its own Wikipedia page). The Japanese Gardens of Portland seem great, but I did not have enough time to visit them. And not giving it priority, having seen the real thing in Japan itself.
On the plane back home, I finished reading my book (The Invisible Gorillaby Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons) and randomly took the next book from the stack on my e-reader: Aimee Bender’s The Butterfly Lampshade.
A girl with a mentally ill mother gets to live with her aunt and uncle… In Portland. When she visits them, she takes that same Red Line from the airport to the City Center to her aunt’s house, as I had been on that week.
There is no coincidence.
The book starts with a brilliant and moving phone conversation between the mother, the aunt, and the little girl.
Er is een interessante logica te vinden in de Buddhist Noble Truths. Ik parafraseer:
Suffering is caused by desire, attachment, and general craving. Eliminating craving reduces our suffering.
Verlangen neemt af door de oorzaak ervan weg te nemen. Onwetendheid is de hoofdoorzaak. Onwetendheid is een diepgewortelde cognitieve en perceptuele blindheid die ervoor zorgt dat wezens de werkelijkheid verkeerd interpreteren.
Onwetendheid is een interessant woord als je deze context in ogenschouw neemt. Er is onwetendheid in de zin van niet weten, wat de negatieve connotatie heeft van dom zijn, en onwetendheid in de zin van negeren of geen aandacht schenken.
We kunnen dingen negeren die we willen bezitten, interesses negeren die we hebben, zodat we ons kunnen concentreren op de essentiële dingen, en dingen negeren die we denken te moeten weten – waardoor we de meest letterlijke vorm van onwetendheid bereiken. Deze daad van selectieve onwetendheid kan bevrijdend werken en ons bevrijden van de last van onnodige informatie.
Dit concept van onwetendheid kan ook positief worden geherformuleerd als ‘selectieve onwetendheid’: kiezen waar je je op concentreert en wat je negeert om mentale rommel en lijden te verminderen.
Focus en onwetendheid
In onze ambities vergelijken we onszelf met anderen. We observeren en benijden hun prestaties en oordelen. Geen van beide is nuttig.
Robert Greene schrijft in Mastery over hoe de meesters in hun vakgebied – de mensen over wie hij in zijn boek schrijft – zich concentreerden op hun sterke punten. Deze focus op persoonlijke sterke punten geeft hen kracht en het vertrouwen om hun doelen na te streven.
…ignore your weaknesses and resist the temptation to be more like others. Instead… direct yourself toward the small things you are good at.
In Advice for Living deelt Kevin Kelly zijn wijsheid over zorgen over de mening van anderen:
Ignore what others may be thinking of you because they aren’t thinking of you.
Aandacht, media en onwetendheid
In de wereld van vandaag zijn we verslaafd aan nieuws. Als we naar het nieuws kijken, voelen we ons machteloos tegenover de daden van een klein aantal slechte mensen. We verlangen naar beter nieuws, meer updates. Nieuwsagentschappen reageren net als sigarettenfabrikanten: ze stemmen hun producten af op onze verslavende behoeften met een negatieve inslag, sensationele koppen en continu breaking news.
The unsettling possibility is that if you’re convinced that none of this is a problem for you-that social media hasn’t turned you into an angrier, less empathetic, more anxious, or more numbed-out version of yourself-that might be because it has. Your finite time has been appropriated without your realizing anything’s amiss.
We zijn verslaafd. Maar we kunnen onszelf helpen door onwetendheid na te streven. We kunnen meldingen negeren en uitschakelen, en minder vaak nieuwsbronnen raadplegen.
Misschien zijn we beter af met een nieuwsbron die niet gedijt op actualiteit, maar op een langetermijnperspectief. Dat zal niet gratis zijn, want het is niet onze aandacht die voor deze diensten betaalt, maar de waarde die ze bieden voor ons geluk, waarvoor we in ruil daarvoor geld betalen. Deze verschuiving in perspectief kan geruststellend zijn, wetende dat we onze aandacht investeren in iets dat er echt toe doet.
A strange mix of loneliness, connection, and love come together in All the Lovers in the Night by Mieko Kawakami.
Fuyuko is a reclusive proofreader at a publishing house. She has virtually no social life.
One day, Fuyuko comes into contact with Hijiri, who persuades her to go freelance. Fuyuko more or less befriends Hijiri and is somewhat taken out of her isolation by this friendship. Fuyuko learns to drink alcohol, but without any measure.
She meets Mr. Mitsutsuka, an older man, when she attempts to enroll them in a course. She starts meeting him more frequently after an initial reluctance. They have special and increasingly intimate conversations. A strange, affectionate relationship develops.
Not saying a word, just standing there, Mitsutsuka looked like he was waiting patiently for my tears to settle. I heard a car go by, not very far away from us. Using my palm, I wiped the tears dripping down my chin, then rubbed my eyes, covered my face, and started crying again. Mitsutsuka lifted his free hand and rested it on the crown of my head. I thought I could feel the heat of his hand entering my skin. With his palm still on my head, I asked Mitsutsuka if he would spend my birthday with me, in a voice that was almost all sob. Will you walk through the night with me? And will you listen to that song with me, just the two of us?
The character Fuyuko bears resemblance to the strangely named Natsuke in Earthlings by Sayaka Murata. Women who cannot ground themselves in this world, or at least in Japanese society, and live socially isolated lives. Where in Earthlings an unbearable burden develops in the protagonist Natsuke, Kawakami’s story is more loving, and Fuyuko manages to maintain a certain lightness and optimism.
Douglas Coupland predicted that the crafted object might become the emerging “technology” of modern art. Analog experiences are where art is enjoyed. In Antifragile, Nassim Nicholas Taleb explores technology and art from the perspective of fragility.
Technology Wants to Replace Itself
Technology is designed to replace older, inferior technology.
Technology is at its best when it is invisible. I am convinced that technology is of greatest benefit when it displaces the deleterious, unnatural, alienating, and, most of all, inherently fragile preceding technology. … So it may be a natural property of technology to only want to be displaced by itself.
But not all technology disappears. The Lindy effect applies to technology.
For the nonperishable, every additional day may imply a longer life expectancy. So the longer a technology lives, the longer it can be expected to live. … But in general, the older the technology, not only the longer it is expected to last, but the more certainty I can attach to such a statement.
The Treadmill Effect
People experience new technology like a treadmill effect.
People acquire a new item, feel more satisfied after an initial boost, then rapidly revert to their baseline of well-being. So, when you “upgrade,” you feel a boost of satisfaction with changes in technology. But then you get used to it and start hunting for the new new thing.
But Old Tech Survives: downgrade
Taleb states that this effect does not apply to classical art, as well as to analog and physical experiences. These experiences appear to be exempt from men’s hedonic decline in satisfaction.
But it looks as though we don’t incur the same treadmilling techno-dissatisfaction with classical art, older furniture—whatever we do not put in the category of the technological. … I have never heard anyone address the large differences between e-readers and physical books, like smell, texture, dimension (books are in three dimensions), color, ability to change pages, physicality of an object compared to a computer screen, and hidden properties causing unexplained differences in enjoyment.
The big differentiator, according to Taleb, is the infusion of the maker’s love in the created art object.
But consider the difference between the artisanal—the other category—and the industrial. What is artisanal has the love of the maker infused in it, and tends to satisfy—we don’t have this nagging impression of incompleteness we encounter with electronics. It also so happens that whatever is technological happens to be fragile. Articles made by an artisan cause fewer treadmill effects. And they tend to have some antifragility—recall how my artisanal shoes take months before becoming comfortable.
Taleb’s recipe: downgrade to analog. Not because technology is bad, but because it never gives us enough. It wants to be replaced. Artisanal objects don’t.
The old shoes. The wooden desk. The physical book. The vinyl record. They don’t get better with an update. They get better with use.
Maybe that’s what Coupland meant: craft isn’t becoming the “new” technology. It’s becoming the answer to technology.
All of this illustrates what might be termed the paradox of limitation, which runs through everything that follows: the more you try to manage your time with the goal of achieving a feeling of total control, and freedom from the inevitable constraints of being human, the more stressful, empty, and frustrating life gets. But the more you confront the facts of finitude instead—and work with them, rather than against them—the more productive, meaningful, and joyful life becomes.
Burkeman shares a wealth of wisdom on how we can achieve more focus in our lives without getting overwhelmed by our social media addiction and how the media manipulates us for the sake of gaining more eyeballs on the media itself (the media is the message, as Marshall McLuhan concluded years ago).
The unsettling possibility is that if you’re convinced that none of this is a problem for you—that social media hasn’t turned you into an angrier, less empathetic, more anxious, or more numbed-out version of yourself—that might be because it has. Your finite time has been appropriated, without your realizing anything’s amiss. …
It’s been obvious for some time now, of course, that all this constitutes a political emergency. By portraying our opponents as beyond persuasion, social media sorts us into ever more hostile tribes, then rewards us, with likes and shares, for the most hyperbolic denunciations of the other side, fueling a vicious cycle that makes sane debate impossible.
The book is a gem. I conclude with his advice for a more creative life.
In practical terms, three rules of thumb are especially useful for harnessing the power of patience as a creative force in daily life. The first is to develop a taste for having problems. … Once you give up on the unattainable goal of eradicating all your problems, it becomes possible to develop an appreciation for the fact that life just is a process of engaging with problem after problem… … The second principle is to embrace radical incrementalism.
When you accept that you probably won’t produce very much on any individual day, you will find that you produce much more over the long term.
One critical aspect of the radical incrementalist approach, which runs counter to much mainstream advice on productivity, is thus to be willing to stop when your daily time is up, even when you’re bursting with energy and feel as though you could get much more done. … Stopping helps strengthen the muscle of patience that will permit you to return to the project again and again…
The final principle is that, more often than not, originality lies on the far side of unoriginality.
This is the principle known as “Stay On The Bus”. You don’t find originality around the corner. It is in the depth of the work.
… it begins at all only for those who who can muster the patience to immerse themselves in the earlier stage – the trial-and-error phase of copying others, learning new skills, and accumulating experience.
Burkeman uses the metaphor of the long-married couple.
To experience the profound mutual understanding of the long-married couple, you have to stay married to one person; to know what it’s like to be deeply rooted in a particular community and place, you have to stop moving around. Those are the kinds of meaningful and singular accomplishments that just take the time they take.
I somehow thought Looking for Alaska was set somewhere in the state of Alaska. So it isn’t.
Miles is a shy, slouchy boy who seems to know what he can and what he wants. Of his own accord, he goes to a boarding school. He befriends Chip, Takumi, and the peculiar girl Alaska, who are other cost-schoolers from the poorer strata of society. They form a club to take on the arrogant kids from more affluent families.
Miles and his friends are somewhat outcasts at the school. They smoke and drink and share a love of literature. Miles falls in love with Alaska. She had a rather complicated childhood after her mother died at a young age. At the end of school, Alaska crashes in the middle of the night in her car on her way to her mother’s grave. The question that occupies the teenagers left behind is whether she committed suicide and, more importantly, why she would have done so. The second half of the book finds Miles and his friends searching for the answers to these questions, in addition to bullying the Eagle, the dean of the school. In the second part, I miss the quirks of the Alaska character. But she is dead.
John Green says in the book’s epilogue that this story did not succeed as well as his other books have succeeded, mainly because his regular editor could not help him with this one. I think Green lacks a little self-confidence because Looking for Alaska is just a very good book. In Anthropocene Reviewed style, I give Looking for Alaska … 5 stars.
…novelty that reflects the powerful but less prominent forces of any culture is interesting and worthy of exploration.
I recognize this in photography. Pictures of the parade are never as interesting as pictures of what is happening on its edges. The people watching the events are more interesting than the event itself.
In an ever-flattening world of downloaded non-physical experiences, the crafted object is in the ascendant and ultimately might prove to be the trunk of the tree that gives rise to the next dominant wave of modern art.
The essays are from some time ago, and we have since seen the rise and death of the NFT as an ultimate non-physical experience in art. Yet, the analog world gets new attention when digital artifacts emerge.
The experience in concerts and festivals emerged when music went digital and streamed. At the same time, streaming channels have the distribution of music accessible to anyone. They are no longer limited to large record companies. This allows more novelty and experiments on the edge. Now, analog music media such as vinyl and cassettes reappear, and “merch”—another name for analog artifacts sold directly by the musicians—has become the standard and is more profitable for many bands than their music.
In the literary world, a similar flattening change has taken place. The internet has reduced the volume of the book-reading audience. Still, at the same time, it has opened up a channel for sharing writing and ideas. While the mainstream e-book business seems dominated by Amazon, there is enough opportunity to access readers with some additional marketing efforts, and these efforts can make a significant difference.
Social media have turned into sales channels for photography and other arts—and we should treat them as such—but analog experiences such as books, zines, prints, and expositions are where art is enjoyed.
